Atualização sobre a definição, consequências e diagnóstico da sarcopenia: uma revisão literária
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v37i6.12921Palabras clave:
Sarcopenia, Fragilidade, Envelhecimento, EpidemiologiaResumen
Introdução: A sarcopenia é definida como uma desordem muscular esquelética progressiva e generalizada que está associada a maior probabilidade de complicações de saúde, incluindo quedas, fraturas, incapacidade física e mortalidade. Esta desordem, anteriormente entendida como uma condição inerente à idade, apresenta causas diferentes e afeta muitos indivíduos independentemente da idade. A sarcopenia é atualmente reconhecida como uma condição patológica e foi incluída na Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10-CM – M62.84).
Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão literária sobre as causas da sarcopenia, epidemiologia e forma e métodos de diagnóstico atualmente utilizados.
Fontes de dados: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase e SciELO (pesquisa inicial) e referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados da pesquisa primária (pesquisa em cascata).
Métodos de revisão: Utilizou-se uma combinação dos seguintes termos: sarcopenia, diagnóstico, definição operacional, prevalência, consequências. Foram considerados artigos originais, artigos de revisão, diretrizes clínicas e consensos em inglês e português publicados desde 1989 (ano da proposta do termo sarcopenia) até maio de 2020.
Resultados: As principais referências selecionadas foram os artigos que tratavam da definição de sarcopenia. Foram também selecionados os artigos relacionados com testes e avaliações utilizados para o diagnóstico da sarcopenia e artigos que descrevem a prevalência da sarcopenia em diferentes populações.
Conclusões: Considerando a evolução histórica do diagnóstico da doença, é notório tentar aproximar o conhecimento científico da prática clínica com a sugestão de métodos e pontos de corte que facilitam a identificação imediata da sarcopenia. No entanto, há um elevado número de diferentes posições e definições operacionais de sarcopenia, o que dificulta a determinação da prevalência real. Apesar dos recentes desenvolvimentos na compreensão da sarcopenia, uma definição operacional definitiva e a melhor forma de diagnosticar a sarcopenia ainda são motivo de debate. Assim, acredita-se que a atual definição operacional não é definitiva e pode sofrer alterações consideráveis à medida que o conhecimento sobre a sarcopenia se desenvolve.
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