Peripheral arterial disease

Abstract

Peripheral arterial disease is caused mainly by atherosclerosis, which leads to arterial stenosis and occlusions in the major vessels that supply the lower limbs. The classic symptom is intermittent claudication, which is characterized by muscle discomfort in the lower limb, caused by exercise and relieved by rest. An accurate diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease is achieved by obtaining the patients vascular history and physical examination. The ankle brachial index can complement the evaluation. Peripheral arterial disease is a marker of cardiovascular risk, so the most important aspect of the therapy is the correction of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. The Family Doctor thus plays a crucial role, not only on the correct diagnosis and referral of the patient but mainly in the detection and control of the risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis. This intervention reduces the global cardiovascular risk and allows for the improvement of the prognosis, both on the lower limb and of the general condition.