Renal complications of diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v23i5.10407Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus complications, Nephropathy, Microlbuminuria, Macroalbuminuria, Cardiovascular riskAbstract
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy affects 10 to 40% of diabetic patients and is the leading cause of chronic renal disease in patients starting renal dialysis. With the increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, along with the increase in the survival rate of diabetic patients, increases in the prevalence of diabetes complications will undoubtedly follow. Nephropathy has been shown to be an independent risk factor for early death due to cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients, making it all the more urgent to adopt measures in clinical practice that aid in the early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic renal disease. Objective: The aim of this article is to discuss the concepts, risk factors, screening methods and therapeutic strategies that promote reno- and cardioprotection in diabetic nephropathy Methods: We searched MedLine, Pubmed Central, TRIP Database, Bandolier, National Guideline Clearinghouse and Index RMP online for systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials. In this review we included 104 articles from all the articles identified. Conclusion: Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by persistent albuminuria, hypertension and a decline in renal function. Prevention and treatment consist of tight glucose control and blood pressure control. Early angiotensin blockade, even before the onset of microalbuminuria, is recommended to prevent the progression of renal disease and related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Other measures such as lipid control, diet, exercise, weight loss and smoking cessation may also inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy.Downloads
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The authors will assign to the RPMGF the sole right to publish and distribute the content of the manuscript specified in this declaration via physical, electronic, broadcasting or any other medium that may come into existence. They also grant the RPMGF the right to use and exploit this manuscript, in particular by assigning, selling or licensing its content. This permission is permanent and takes effect from the moment the manuscript is submitted, has the maximum duration allowed by applicable Portuguese or international law and is of worldwide scope. The authors further declare that this assignment is made free of charge. If the RPMGF informs the authors that it is not going to publish their manuscript, the exclusive assignment of rights ceases forthwith.
The authors authorise the RPMGF (or any entity it may appoint) to act on their behalf when it believes that copyright may have been infringed.
