Vaccination in children and adolescents: current practices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v40i3.13541Keywords:
Vaccination, Vaccines, Pediatrics, Portugal, Children and adolescents' healthAbstract
Introduction: Enforcing the National Vaccination Program (PNV) is associated with population health gains. A competent workforce regarding vaccination practices should be a concern of health care services.
Objectives: To assess knowledge about false contraindications to pediatric vaccination and to characterize counseling practices, comparing the results according to professional category, clinical activity, years of career, and place of work.
Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was carried out, previously approved by an ethical committee. Data was collected through a validated anonymous online survey that compiled questions regarding contraindications for PNV vaccines and other sociodemographic variables such as Professional role: M (physician), E (nurse); clinical activity: PA (prescribes/administers vaccines in the pediatric population), NPA (does not prescribe/does not administer); career duration: A1 (<20), A2 (≥20); workplace: CSP (primary health care), H (hospital/private practice). Statistical analysis was performed on SPSSÒ, α=0.05.
Results: A total of 430 answers were collected (56% E, 59% PA, 74% A2, 63% CSP). Both E and A2 groups consider mild acute illness (p<0.001) and prior infection from the agent for which the vaccine offers protection more frequently as contraindications for vaccination, vs M and A1. Mild acute illness and illness convalescence are considered contraindications by 43% in the PA group vs 62% NPA (p<0.001) and 57% PA vs 71% NPA (p=0.004), respectively. In CSP, 58% advise against vaccination in the presence of mild acute illness vs 38% H (p<0.001) or if under current antibiotic treatment (60% CSP vs 36% H, p<0.001). However, they are more likely to recognize the correct interval between administrations of inactivated vaccines (72% CSP vs 61% H, p=0.018).
Conclusion: Globally, subjects from M, A1, PA, and CSP groups revealed better knowledge regarding correct contraindications to vaccination. Results show the need for training in this area.
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