Saúde sexual e reprodutiva na população transgénero: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v40i4.13937Keywords:
Planeamento familiar, Saúde reprodutiva, Cuidados de saúde primários, População transgéneroAbstract
Introdução: O acesso a cuidados de saúde sexuais e reprodutivos seguros e de alta qualidade faz parte dos direitos e bem-estar de todas as pessoas. Há uma escassez de diretrizes clínicas específicas para a população transgénero (TG).
Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática pretende descrever a abordagem da saúde sexual da população TG.
Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada em duas bases de dados, MEDLINE e Scopus, seguindo os Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada utilizando o Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist para estudos qualitativos e uma versão adaptada do Quality Assessment Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. O protocolo foi registado na plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42022371962).
Resultados: Dos 671 artigos recuperados através da pesquisa, 13 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão e foram selecionados para análise. Os fenómenos de interesse foram subdivididos em problemas relativos ao paciente e ao prestador de cuidados, contraceção, preservação da fertilidade e rastreio de cancro cervical. Os métodos contracetivos podem ser usados com vista à prevenção da gravidez, tendo também impacto na disforia de género. Uma percentagem significativa dos utentes TG acredita que a testosterona pode ser usada como método contracetivo, o que os impede de reconhecer o seu risco de engravidar. A escassez de educação formal dos profissionais de saúde neste tema, aliada à discriminação da população TG, contribui para o aumento dos mitos em saúde. A maioria dos TG deseja a parentalidade, não definindo preferência relativamente a filhos biológicos ou não. A realização de exame pélvico e rastreio do cancro cervical não é rotineira na população TG.
Conclusão: A presente revisão reforça a relevância e necessidade de desenvolver guidelines no âmbito da saúde sexual e reprodutiva da população TG. Os cuidados de saúde primários são de vital importância na gestão dos problemas de saúde desta população.
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